People have lived in Zanzibar for 20,000 years.History properly starts when the islands became a
base for traders voyaging between the African Great Lakes, the Arabian peninsula, and the Indian
subcontinent.
During the Age of Exploration, the Portuguese Empire was the first European power to gain control
of Zanzibar, and kept it for nearly 200 years. In 1698, Zanzibar fell under the control of the
Sultanate of Oman, which developed an economy of trade and cash crops, with a ruling Arab elite
and a Bantu general population. Plantations were developed to grow spices; hence, the moniker
of the Spice Islands.
On 26 April 1964, the mainland colony of Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic
of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; this lengthy name was compressed into a portmanteau, the United Republic of
Tanzania, on 29 October 1964. After unification, local affairs were controlled by President Abeid Amani
Karume, while foreign affairs were handled by the United Republic in Dar es Salaam.